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Dew computing

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Dew computing<a href="#cite_note-urlAn_Introduction_to_Dew_Computing:_Definition,_Concept_and_Implications_-_IEEE_Journals_&_Magazine-1">[1]</a> is an <a href="Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> (<a href="Information_technology" title="Information technology">IT</a>) paradigm that combines the core concept of <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a> with the capabilities of end devices (<a href="Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a>, <a href="Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a>, etc.).<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> It is used to enhance the experience for the end user in comparison to only using <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a> Dew computing attempts to solve major problems related to cloud computing technology, such as reliance on <a href="Internet_access" title="Internet access">internet access</a>. <a href="Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a> is an example of the dew computing paradigm, as it provides access to the files and folders in the <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a> in addition to keeping copies on local devices. This allows the user to access files during times without an internet connection; when a connection is established again, files and folders are synchronized back to the cloud server.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

The term "dew computing", as used in information technology, first appeared in 2015 in IT literature and since then has become a field of its own. The cloud-dew architecture was proposed by Yingwei Wang<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> as a possible solution to the offline data accessibility problem.<a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[6]</a> At first, its scope included only <a href="Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a>; broader applications were later proposed.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a>

Dew computing is a model which was derived from the original concept of <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>. Other models have also emerged from cloud computing, including <a href="Fog_computing" title="Fog computing">fog computing</a>, <a href="Edge_computing" title="Edge computing">edge computing</a>, and others. Proponents claim that these novel models, such as dew computing, can provide better experiences for users.<a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a>

Cloud computing provides universal access and <a href="Scalability" title="Scalability">scalability</a>. However, having all the resources far from a user's control occasionally causes problems. In the classic cloud computing paradigm, when the internet connection to the <a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a> is lost, the user is unable to access their data; dew computing aims to solve this problem.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2></div>

As an information technology paradigm, dew computing seeks to use the capabilities of <a href="Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> along with <a href="Cloud_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud services">cloud services</a> in a more reliable manner.<a href="#cite_note-:2-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-9">[9]</a>

The key features of dew computing are independence and collaboration. Independence means that the local device must be able to provide service without a continuous connection to the <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>. Collaboration means that the application must be able to connect to the cloud service and synchronize data when appropriate.<a href="#cite_note-:4-11">[11]</a>

Use of the word "<a href="Dew" title="Dew">dew</a>" reflects natural phenomena: <a href="Cloud" title="Cloud">clouds</a> are far from the ground, <a href="Fog" title="Fog">fog</a> is closer to the ground, and <a href="Dew" title="Dew">dew</a> is on the ground. Analogically, cloud computing is a remote service, fog computing is beside the user, and dew computing is at the user end.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2></div>

To establish a cloud-dew architecture on a PC, a dew virtual machine (DVM) is needed. The DVM is an isolated environment for executing the dew server on the local PC, and it consists of at least three components: the dew server (DS), the <a href="Data_analysis" title="Data analysis">data analytics</a> <a href="Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">server</a> (DAS), and the <a href="Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> of the dew (AID).<a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[6]</a>

<ul><li>Dew server (DS): The DS acts like the cloud service on the local PC. It interacts with and periodically synchronizes content with the cloud service.<a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[6]</a></li>

<li>Dew analytics server (DAS): The dew analytics server collects data about how the dew server is being used.<a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[6]</a></li>

<li>Artificial intelligence of the dew (AID): After receiving data from the DAS about usage patterns, the AID uses the data to customize and tailor the dew server to the user to enhance their experience.<a href="#cite_note-:7-6">[6]</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categories">Categories</h2></div>

The dew computing categories are classified based on the application field.

<ul><li>Web in Dew (WiD)

<ul><li>The local device must possess a duplicated fraction of the <a href="World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> (WWW) or a modified copy of that fraction to satisfy the independence feature. Because this fraction synchronizes with the web, it satisfies the collaboration feature of dew computing.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Storage in Dew (SiD)

<ul><li>The <a href="Storage_(memory)" title="Storage (memory)">storage</a> of the local device is partially or fully copied into the cloud. An example is <a href="Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a>, in which a user can create a folder in the cloud, and have access to the folder and its contents on the local device once synchronization is complete. Since the user can access files at any time without the need for constant <a href="Internet_access" title="Internet access">Internet access</a>, this category meets the independence feature of dew computing. SiD also meets the collaboration feature because the folder and its contents automatically synchronize with the cloud service.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Database in Dew (DBiD)

<ul><li>The local device and the cloud both store copies of the same <a href="Database" title="Database">database</a>. One of these two databases is considered the main version and can be defined as such by the <a href="Database_administrator" title="Database administrator">database administrator</a>. This service increases the reliability of a database, as one of the databases can act as the <a href="Backup" title="Backup">backup</a> for the other.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Software in Dew (SiD)

<ul><li>The configuration and ownership of software are saved in the <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a>. Examples include the <a href="Apple_App_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple App Store">Apple App Store</a> and <a href="Google_Play" title="Google Play">Google Play</a>, where the applications the user installs are saved to their account and can then be installed on any device linked to their account.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Platform in Dew (PiD)

<ul><li>A software development suite must be installed on the local device with the settings and application data synchronized to the cloud service. A <a href="Software_development_kit" title="Software development kit">Software Development Kit</a> on its own does not satisfy these requirements; it must be able to synchronize development data, system deployment data, and online backups. An example of PiD is GitHub.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Infrastructure as Dew (IaD)

<ul><li>The local device is dynamically supported by cloud services. IaD can come in different forms, but the following two forms can be used: (1) the local device can have an exact duplicate DVM instance in the cloud, which is always kept in the same state as the local instance, or (2) the local device can have all its settings/data saved in the cloud, including system settings/data and data for each application.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Data in Dew (DiD)

<ul><li>The term DiD is applied when all its applications satisfy the independence and collaboration requirements but cannot be placed in any of the above categories. An example is the <a href="GroupWise" title="GroupWise">Novell Groupwise</a> email client.<a href="#cite_note-:0-4">[4]</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Possible_challenges">Possible challenges</h2></div>

Dew computing faces a number of technical challenges, including issues related to power management, processor utility, and data storage. Other factors impacting the use of dew computing are the viability of the operation system, network model, communication model, programming principles, dew recommended engine, local dew network, personal high productivity, database security, and behaviors of the browser.<a href="#cite_note-:3-12">[12]</a>

<ul><li><a href="Thick_client" class="mw-redirect" title="Thick client">Thick client</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_computing" title="Distributed computing">Distributed computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Google Drive</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li>

<li><a href="ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-:3-12"><a href="#cite_ref-:3_12-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFRay2018" class="citation journal cs1">Ray, Partha Pratim (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FACCESS.2017.2775042">"An Introduction to Dew Computing: Definition, Concept and Implications - IEEE Journals & Magazine"</a>. IEEE Access. 6: 723–737. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FACCESS.2017.2775042">10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2775042</a>.</cite>

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</style><div id="Cloud_computing413" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">Cloud computing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Content_as_a_service" title="Content as a service">Content as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_as_a_service" title="Data as a service">Data as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Desktop_as_a_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Desktop as a service">Desktop as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Function_as_a_service" title="Function as a service">Function as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud-based_integration" title="Cloud-based integration">Integration platform as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Backend_as_a_service" title="Backend as a service">Backend as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_as_a_service" title="Network as a service">Network as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">Platform as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Security_as_a_service" title="Security as a service">Security as a service</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cloud_database" title="Cloud database">Cloud database</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud-native_computing" title="Cloud-native computing">Cloud-native computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_storage" title="Cloud storage">Cloud storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_storage_gateway" title="Cloud storage gateway">Cloud storage gateways</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_center" title="Data center">Data centers</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_file_system_for_cloud" title="Distributed file system for cloud">Distributed file system for cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Hardware_virtualization" title="Hardware virtualization">Hardware virtualization</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_cloud_computing" title="Mobile cloud computing">Mobile cloud computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Native_cloud_application" title="Native cloud application">Native cloud application</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Networking</a></li>

<li><a href="Personal_cloud" title="Personal cloud">Personal cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_computing_security" title="Cloud computing security">Security</a></li>

<li><a href="Serverless_computing" title="Serverless computing">Serverless computing</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_structured_storage_software" title="Comparison of structured storage software">Structured storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_appliance" title="Virtual appliance">Virtual appliance</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_private_cloud" title="Virtual private cloud">Virtual private cloud</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Applications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Dropbox" title="Dropbox">Dropbox</a></li>

<li><a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>

<ul><li><a href="Google_Workspace" title="Google Workspace">Workspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Drive" title="Google Drive">Drive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="HP_Cloud" title="HP Cloud">HP Cloud</a> (closed)</li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>

<ul><li><a href="Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Office 365</a></li>

<li><a href="OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nextcloud" title="Nextcloud">Nextcloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Owncloud" class="mw-redirect" title="Owncloud">Owncloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Proton_Drive" title="Proton Drive">Proton Drive</a></li>

<li><a href="Rackspace_Technology" title="Rackspace Technology">Rackspace</a></li>

<li><a href="Salesforce" title="Salesforce">Salesforce</a></li>

<li><a href="Seafile" title="Seafile">Seafile</a></li>

<li><a href="PlateSpin" class="mw-redirect" title="PlateSpin">PlateSpin</a></li>

<li><a href="Workday%2C_Inc." title="Workday, Inc.">Workday</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Platform_as_a_service" title="Platform as a service">Platforms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li>

<li><a href="AppScale" title="AppScale">AppScale</a></li>

<li><a href="CloudBolt" title="CloudBolt">CloudBolt</a></li>

<li><a href="Cloud_Foundry" title="Cloud Foundry">Cloud Foundry</a></li>

<li><a href="Cocaine_(PaaS)" title="Cocaine (PaaS)">Cocaine (PaaS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Engine_Yard" title="Engine Yard">Engine Yard</a></li>

<li><a href="HPE_Helion" title="HPE Helion">Helion</a></li>

<li><a href="Predix_(software)" title="Predix (software)">GE Predix</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_App_Engine" title="Google App Engine">Google App Engine</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Heroku" title="Heroku">Heroku</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Inktank_Storage" title="Inktank Storage">Inktank</a></li>

<li><a href="Jelastic" title="Jelastic">Jelastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li>

<li><a href="MindSphere" title="MindSphere">MindSphere</a></li>

<li><a href="Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="OutSystems" title="OutSystems">OutSystems</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenQRM" title="OpenQRM">openQRM</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenShift" title="OpenShift">OpenShift</a></li>

<li><a href="PythonAnywhere" title="PythonAnywhere">PythonAnywhere</a></li>

<li><a href="RightScale" title="RightScale">RightScale</a></li>

<li><a href="Scalr" title="Scalr">Scalr</a></li>

<li><a href="Salesforce#Force.com" title="Salesforce">Force.com</a></li>

<li><a href="SAP_BTP" title="SAP BTP">SAP Business Technology Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Splunk" title="Splunk">Splunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li>

<li><a href="VCloud_Air" title="VCloud Air">vCloud Air</a></li>

<li><a href="WaveMaker" title="WaveMaker">WaveMaker</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Infrastructure_as_a_service" title="Infrastructure as a service">Infrastructure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Alibaba_Cloud" title="Alibaba Cloud">Alibaba Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazon_Web_Services" title="Amazon Web Services">Amazon Web Services</a></li>

<li><a href="Abiquo_Enterprise_Edition" title="Abiquo Enterprise Edition">Abiquo Enterprise Edition</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_CloudStack" title="Apache CloudStack">CloudStack</a></li>

<li><a href="Citrix_Cloud" title="Citrix Cloud">Citrix Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="DigitalOcean" title="DigitalOcean">DigitalOcean</a></li>

<li><a href="EMC_Atmos" title="EMC Atmos">EMC Atmos</a></li>

<li><a href="Eucalyptus_(software)" title="Eucalyptus (software)">Eucalyptus</a></li>

<li><a href="FUJITSU_Cloud_IaaS_Trusted_Public_S5" title="FUJITSU Cloud IaaS Trusted Public S5">Fujitsu</a></li>

<li><a href="Google_Cloud_Platform" title="Google Cloud Platform">Google Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li>

<li><a href="GreenQloud" title="GreenQloud">GreenQloud</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_Cloud" title="IBM Cloud">IBM Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Iland" title="Iland">iland</a></li>

<li><a href="Joyent" title="Joyent">Joyent</a></li>

<li><a href="Linode" title="Linode">Linode</a></li>

<li><a href="Lunacloud" title="Lunacloud">Lunacloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Microsoft Azure</a></li>

<li><a href="Mirantis" title="Mirantis">Mirantis</a></li>

<li><a href="Netlify" title="Netlify">Netlify</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimbula" title="Nimbula">Nimbula</a></li>

<li><a href="Nimbus_(cloud_computing)" title="Nimbus (cloud computing)">Nimbus</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenIO" title="OpenIO">OpenIO</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenNebula" title="OpenNebula">OpenNebula</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenStack" title="OpenStack">OpenStack</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_Cloud" title="Oracle Cloud">Oracle Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="OrionVM" title="OrionVM">OrionVM</a></li>

<li><a href="Rackspace_Cloud" title="Rackspace Cloud">Rackspace Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Safe_Swiss_Cloud" title="Safe Swiss Cloud">Safe Swiss Cloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Zadara" title="Zadara">Zadara</a></li>

<li><a href="Libvirt" title="Libvirt">libvirt</a></li>

<li><a href="Libguestfs" title="Libguestfs">libguestfs</a></li>

<li><a href="OVirt" title="OVirt">OVirt</a></li>

<li><a href="Virt-manager" title="Virt-manager">Virtual Machine Manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Wakame-vdc" title="Wakame-vdc">Wakame-vdc</a></li>

<li><a href="Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_Private_Cloud_OnDemand" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand">Virtual Private Cloud OnDemand</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li> Category</li>

<li> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cloud_computing" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Cloud computing">Commons</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-03-03" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Dew_computing&oldid=1278525134">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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